THE LEVEL OF NUTRIENT STATUS AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS OF SPECIAL SPORTS-BASED SCHOOL IN THE ELEVENTH GRADE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Muhammad Ferdian Nur Faldin1, and FX. Sugianto2
1Yogyakarta State University, Jl.Colombo No.01 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No. 01 Yagyakarta, Indonesia
Muhammad_Ferdian@yahoo.com, fx.sugiyanto56@yahoo.co.id
Keywords: 	Nutrient Status, Physical Health of the Eleventh Grade Student
Abstract:	This study actually aimed to find out these matters especially for the eleventh graders of Special Sports-Based School at State 1 Tanjungsari Senior High School. This research was descriptive analysis by using survey design and testing and measurement techniques. The data of nutrient status was gotten by using the formula of Body Mass Index (IMT) whereas the data of physical health was gotten from TKJI for age 16 to 19. The subject of this research consisted of 62 students. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics analysis by using percentage.The results of this research could be concluded that most of the level of the students’ nutrient status was at the normal category that got 53,23% (33 students), thin category that got 29,03% (18 students), overweight category that got 9,68% (6 students), risk overweight category that got 8,06% (5 students), and obese category that got 0%. Therefore, most of the level of the students’ physical health was at the medium category that got 58,06% (36 students) then followed by less category that got 38,71% (24 students), good category that got 3,23% (2 students), very good category that got 0% and very little category that also got 0%.

1.INTRODUCTION
	State 1 Tanjungsari Senior High School at Gunungkidul is one of the school that has sports class or, called as, SBI-O (Special Sports-based School). The aim of this class becomes one of the place for the students for getting achievement, for expressing their skills of sports since the intelligence does not only in academic field, but it also an achievement from the physical skills that is also a special gift that does not had by other students.
Sports class in SMAN 1 Tanjungsari is the class that trains a lot of athletes in Gunungkidul. Many achievements that are already gotten in National level, thus they also become the general champion in every race between the students. So that, there is no doubt that SMAN 1 Tanjungsari becomes the pioneer of sports class to pay attention in training the outstanding students.
Exercising inside the school time or outside school time is a hard activity. According to Tonang Juniarta (in Branca and Valuence, 2001, p.121) ”a good level of physical activity should be promoted in children of all ages through organized sport, leisure, and everyday habits”. Someone who has hard time to exercise actually must have well physical health since it is a basic part for a person to do physical activities gradually in long-time period without raising up fatigue. Nutritional status by food consumption and use of nutrients in the body. When the body gets enough nutrients and is used efficiently it will reach a nutritional status that supports physical growth, brain development, work ability and health at the highest level possible (Almatsir, 2002).
“Person who has well physique actually does not mean that he/she has healthy body, and health person does not mean he/she has well physique”  Djoko Pekik Irianton (2004: 10) that "Physical fitness is the ability of someone to do their daily work efficiently without excessive fatigue so they can enjoy their free time" According Suharjana (2008: 14) that, "the factors that affect a person's level of physical fitness are as follows: (1) Age, (2) Gender, (3) Food, (4) Sleep and rest, (5) Activities physical and sports ". Meanwhile according to irianto djoko pekik (2004: 7) argues behwa, "physical fitness factors that can affect a person's level of physical fitness are: (1) food, (2) rest, (3) exercise, the statement proves that we does not only need a healthy body but it also needs a physical health that is supported by the level of nutrient status. This status must achieve in the level of health beside what we consume will become our energy source every day. So that, by doing many activities of sports in SBI-O class the students need to be able to restore the energy that has been used, so the students’ health stays awake.
Based on the observation in the school, most of the students have low level of economy because this area is lack of water and almost drought during long period of drought. It causes that the land is difficult to be planted some plants although most of people there are farmer, breeder, or other workers that relate to the nature. By these conditions and geographical area, they will influence the nutrient status of society and food consumed by them.
So that, the researcher finds the data based on the observation that the students’ level of physical health and nutrient status especially the students of the eleventh grade is not yet known. Besides, there is no research to find out this matter that makes the researcher interests to do this research that expected to find out the outstanding students’ physical health and nutrient status optimally. Moreover, the teachers, especially the sports teachers or trainers, have the data of the students’ condition relating to the level of nutrient status and physical health for each student.

2. RESEARCH METHOD
Research Design
This research is descriptive analysis by using survey method with test and measurement techniques. There is no certain treatment toward the variable of the research, and it is only illustrated the recent situation. This research is done without hypothesis test, and this research includes in the independent variable research category because it related between one variable and other variables.

Time and Place of the Research
This research is done from September to October 2016, and the collecting data is done at Tuesday, October 11, 2016 from 07.30 to 10.30 WIB that is located in SMA N 1 Tanjungsari.

The Population of the Research
The population of the research is 62 students of SBI-O in the eleventh grade of SMA N 1 Tanjungsari, Gunungkidul. Based on Suharsimi Arikunto (2005: 95) when the subject or population is less than 100 people, it is important to take all of them. So that, the research uses the sample that consists of 62 students of sports class at the eleventh grade that become the total number of population.

Data, Instruments, and Collecting Data Technique
To find out the level of nutrient status and the physical health of the SBI-O students, the researcher uses test and measurement of nutrient status by measuring the weight and height that are counted by IMT formula, then the level of physical health will be measured by using TKJI (Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia) or Indonesian Physical Health Test.

Data Analysis Technique
1.	Nutrient status
		The analysis is done by using descriptive analysis with percentage. It is done by counting the percentage of the achievement of standard weight based on the height (weight/height)

Table 1. Threshold Category of IMT 
Category	IMT	Frequency	 (%)	
Thin	< 18,5	18	29,03	
Normal	18,5 – 22,9	33	53,23	
overweight	23,0 – 24,9	6	9,68	
Overweight risk	25,0 – 29,9	5	8,06	
Obese	> 30,0	0	0	
Total number	62	100	
Source: Ministry of National Education (2010: 166).
2.	Physical health
		The data analysis technique that is used in this research is descriptive technique with percentage. The data gotten is consulted into the table of value for each category in Indonesia Physical Health Test (TKJI) for age 16 to 19. To measure the level of physical health, each point of the test is analyzed by using norm table of TKJI to decide the classification of the level of physical health. The table of value and norm used is table of value and norm by TKJI that can be seen below.
Table 2. The value of TKJI for men from age 16 to 19
Run 60m	Hanging lift body	Sit down	Jump upright	Run
1200m	
value	
Less –7,2”	19-up	41-up	73-up	less – 3’14”	5	
7,3” – 8,3”	14-18	30-40	60-73	3’15”-4’25”	4	
8,4” - 9,6”	9-13	21-29	50-59	4’26”-5’12”	3	
9,7”– 11,0”	5-8	10-20	39-49	5’13”-6’33”	2	
11,1”and soon	0-4	0-9	38 and soon	6’34” and soon	1	
Source: The Center for the Development of Physical Quality (2010: 28).
Table 3. The value of TKJI for women from age 16 to 19
 
Run 60m	Hanging lift body	Sit down	Jump upright	Run
1200m	
value	
less – 8,4”	41-up	28-up	50-up	less – 3’52”	5	
8,5” – 9,8”	22”-40”	20-28	39-49	3’53”-4’46”	4	
9,9” – 11,4”	10”-21”	10-19	31-38	4’57”-5’58”	3	
11,5” –13,4”	3”-9”	3-9	23-30	5’59”-7’23”	2	
13,5”and soon	0”-2”	0-2	22 and soon	7’24” and soon	1	
Source: The Center for the Development of Physical Quality (2010: 28).
	The total value from five points of the test above will be entered into norm table of physical health to decide the category level of physical health. The norm table of TKJI for age 16 to 19 can be seen further.
Table 4. TKJI category
No	Total value	The classification of health category	
1	22-25	Very good 	
2	18-21	Good	
3	14-17	Medium 	
4	10-13	Less	
5	5-9	Very little 	
Source: The Center for the Development of Physical Quality (2010: 29).
	The analysis data technique used in this research is descriptive technique with percentage. The formula to measure the percentage is, as follow.

P =  × 100 %	
Explanation
P	: percentage
NK	: total number of subject in each group
N	: total number of subject in the population.

3. RESEARCH RESULT AND DISCUSSION

1.	The Research Result of Nutrient Status
		The statistical descriptive analysis results for the nutrient status level toward the students of the eleventh grade of SBI-O class that consists of 62 students get of 29.73 of maximum value, 16.11 of minimum value, 20.49 of mean, 19.98 of median, 17.93 of modus, and 2.80 of standard deviation. The description of these results can be seen below.
Table 5. The Distribution of Research Results of Nutrient Status
Category	IMT	Frequency	 (%)	
Thin  	< 18,5	18	29,03	
Normal	18,5 – 22,9	33	53,23	
Overweight	23,0 – 24,9	6	9,68	
Overweight risk	25,0 – 29,9	5	8,06	
Obese	> 30,0	0	0	
Total number	62	100	
Source: Ministry of National Education (2010: 166).
	The table above will be delivered into the diagram below.
Figure 1. The diagram of Nutrient Status Frequency
	Based on the table and diagram above, it can be found out that the level of nutrient status of the eleventh grade students in sports class of SMAN 1 Tanjungsari shows that most of the students are categorized as normal (53,23% or 33 students). Thus, it is followed by the thin category that gets 29,03% (18 students), overweight category that gets 9,68% (6 students), risk overweight category that gets 8,06% (5 students), and obese category that gets 0%. From these results, it can be seen that the level of nutrient status of the students is normal.
2.	The Result of Physical Health Level

The statistical descriptive analysis results for the physical health level toward the students of the eleventh grade of SBI-O class that consists of 62 students get of 20 of maximum value, 10 of minimum value, 13.85 of mean, 14 of median, 14 of modus, and 2.11 of standard deviation. The description of these results can be seen below.
Table 6. The Distribution of Research Results of Physical Health
Interval Class	
category	
frequency	
percentage 	
22 – 25 	Very good	0	0	
18 – 21	good 	2	3,23	
14 – 17 	medium 	36	58,06	
10 – 13	less 	24	38,71	
5 – 9	Very little 	0	0	
Total number 	62	100	
The table above will be delivered into the diagram below.

Figure 2. The diagram of Physical Health Level

Based on the table and diagram above, it can be found out that the level of physical health of the eleventh grade students in sports class of SMAN 1 Tanjungsari shows that most of the students are categorized as medium level (58,06% or 36 students). Thus, it is followed by less category that got 38,71% (24 students), good category that gets 3,23% (2 students), very good category that gets 0% and very little category that also gets 0%. From these results, it can be seen that the level of physical health level of the students is medium.

3.	Discussion Nutrient Status
	Similar with the statement of Suhardjo (Rina Kusimawati, 2010: 3) that nutrient status is a body condition as the result of consuming foods, and the using of nutrients substance is divided into bad nutrients, less, good and best nutrients. Every person actually has different nutrient status. Based on the research it is known that most of the students of the eleventh grade in special sports class at SMAN 1 Tanjungsari have the level of nutrient status in normal category that gets 53,23% (33 students). The result is suitable with the expectation that basically the good nutrient status is normal. The normal nutrient status indicates that most of the children have good balance between weight and height. It means that they are able to implement the balanced lifestyles and still keep the condition of normal nutrient status. Moreover, according to Mu’arifah (2007: 335) good nutrient status can be caused by consuming foods and nutrients that are balanced for body. Otherwise, the less or bad nutrients can be caused by the consuming foods that are not balanced and inadequate amount of nutrients whereas excessive nutrients are caused by consuming foods that is excessive than needed by body.
	Based on the research it can be known that the students that have thin category are 29,03% (18 students). It means that some students have unbalancing body between their weight and height. The less nutrient status of the students tend to have weight that is less (the body looks thin).
	Moreover, based on the observation in SMAN 1 Tanjungsari, most people in sub-district of Tanjungsari have less economical level. It is assumed that this area is lack of water and almost drought. By this condition and the geographical position that has infertile land, they will be influenced to the nutrient status of its society especially for the children.
	Otherwise, 6 students (9,68%) also include into overweight category and 5 students (8,06%) include into overweight risk. This result means that some of the students have overweight, so it can cause their nutrient status that includes into overweight category. Most likely the nutritional status of these students is fulfilled but it is not balanced with good activity.
	In regard with the results of nutrient status of the students in the special sports class, there are several students that include into overweight category and less weight category. It can be caused by the different economy of the family and the bad lifestyle that is done by the individual and other people. Unfortunately, this data is gotten from the students of special sports class (SBI-O) of SMAN 1 Tanjungsari. Regardless of these matters it can be said that the students of SBI-O still have overweight category and less weight category of nutrient status. On the other hand, the skills in mastering one of the sports fields become one of the requirements why this school accepts the new students. It means that entering the special sports class in this school must pass the skill test of sports field and they will be chosen by the trainers that teach in several fields of sports in SMAN 1 Tanjungsari.
	Nutrient status of a person can be influenced by the healthy lifestyle. The healthy lifestyle contains of diet, activity, body cleanliness, and sleep pattern. Good and bad nutrient status can be influenced by some factors that can effect and support the children’ nutrient status to be suitable with their needs. Besides, consuming food everyday can also influence the nutrient status and must be supported by routine activities.
	Nutritious food is the food that contains the substances needed by the body such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, mineral, vitamin, and water. The function of nutritious food is producing energy substances, builder substances, and controller substances. The energy sources are needed by body to do daily routines, so the adequate and good nutrient will maintenance the body to do the activities. The lack of energy will cause the weakness of the body, and the body is not able to do the activities well. So that, in order to fulfill the needs of energy sources, people have to arrange their diet well. The good diet is regularity of hygienic and nutritious meals by taking into account the time and ingredients of the foods.

The Level of Physical Health
	Based on the research results above, it can be stated that 36 students (58,06%) have the level of physical health that shows in the medium category. It means that the eleventh grade students at special sports class of SMAN 1 Tanjungsari have enough health and physical activities in their daily life. The physical daily activities of the student will influence his/her physical health, the higher the physical activity done, the better the physical health had. Medium physical health means that most of the students only do the activities that are done daily. These activities are not enough yet to maintenance their physical health better.
	Moreover, this research also shows that 38,71% of the students include into less category. It is actually not small number. The observation of the researcher concludes that most of the students are lack of physical activities. Although this school becomes the Special Sports-Based School, it does not mean that this school can ensure the students’ physical health in a good condition. It shows that many factors that influence the students’ level of physical health. Possibly, the lack of seriousness in carrying out each TKJI test, lack of resting time in receiving heavy exercise activities that makes the students become fatigue and other factors can influence the students’ physical health. So that, the activities done every day are not enough yet to support the physical health of body. In addition, it also needs to be supported by gradual and controlled exercises both in extracurricular and exercises inside or outside the school.
	Thus, there are 2 students that include in good category with 3,23%. It is actually the expected condition as the students of SBI-O since they must include in good category. This category means that the students have good condition to do some exercises. These exercises are done not only in the school but also in home, such as playing football, playing badminton, and running as daily routine.
	The principle of the exercise is the process of changing to be better, such as increasing the physical quality, increasing the ability of the body function, and increasing the psychic quality. The higher the physical activity done, the better the physical health had. To achieve the good physical health needs routine activities to increase the students’ physical health.
	Besides, other factors that can influence the level of physical health of the students are food, rest, and living habit and environment. In the process of growing and developing of the body, these matters become the main roles to be maintenance to get good physical health, and it also gets the support from the school since the physical health has an important role to help the students’ achievement of physical health and other physical activities.
	Eating habit becomes one of the supporting factors of physical health. The good foods are the nutritious foods that can influence the level of physical health. By consuming the good nutritious foods can make the energy be balanced. So that, it can make our body be health and fit. All this time, the students of elementary school still buy food carelessly, the unhealthy foods will make their body be limp fast. Besides, their motivation to learn and do some activities becomes reduced, and their body endurance also decreases.

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

	Based on the data analysis and explanation in the previous chapter, it can be concluded that the level of nutrient status of the eleventh grade students of SBI-O at SMAN 1 Tanjungsari includes in the normal category with 53,23%, thin category that gets 29,03% (18 students), overweight category that gets 9,68% (6 students), risk overweight category that gets 8,06% (5 students), and obese category that gets 0%.
Thus, most of the students include into medium category of the physical health with 58,06%, less category with 38, 71%, and good category with 3,23%.

The Implication of the Research Result

	Based on the conclusion above, the implication of the research are, as follows.
1.	It can become the information regarding with the data about the level of nutrient status and physical health of the eleventh grade of SBI-O students at SMAN 1 Tanjungsari.
2.	The data of nutrient status and physical health of the eleventh grade of SBI-O students at SMAN 1 Tanjungsari can become the description for the students, teachers, and school parties of SMAN 1 Tanjungsari, so it can become the data for exercising process.

Suggestion
	In regard with the research result, it can be presented some suggestions, as follows.
1.	For the students that have lack of physical health, they must increase it by keeping the physical condition and diet and doing intensive physical exercises.
2.	For the students who still have lack of nutrient status, they must keep their diet and increase it by consuming nutritious foods, and the students who have overweight must increase the physical activities to make the lifestyle be balanced. For the next researchers, they can do the research with wider population and different sample, so the nutrient status and physical health can be identified even more.
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