THE EFFECT OF flexibility EXERCISE ON LAY-UP SKILLS IN BASKETBALL 	
Muhammad Mandala Putra Marga1, and Muhammad Hamid Anwar2	
1Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No. 01 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2 Yogyakarta State University, Jl. Colombo No. 01 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mandalaputra19111994@gmail.com, m_hamid@uny.ac.id.	
Keywords:	Flexibility training, lay-up skills, basketball games
Abstract:	This study aims to analyze of effect on exercise flexibility method for increasing of lay-up skill result in basketball toward flexibility exercise at Indonesia, specially in lampung provence. This research was desain study in one group pretest-posttest. The independent variable was basketball to gain data analysis that uses statistic test, the implementation research for 2 mounth in 24 time. The results of this study were: research with using 30 sample who gave flexibility exercise were = 5,010, using dk = 29, and α = 0,05  gotten = 2,756 or > .  So there is significant effect toward increasing lay-up basketball performance in senior hight school students. Increasing lay-up was 32,14% after gave treated with flexibility exercise method. It can be concluded that there was significant effect on flexibility exercise skill of lay-up in basketball game. 

1.	INTRODUCTION
Basketball is a sport that gets tremendous attention in a branch of sport games that are becoming popular sport played all around the world  the play is characterized by intensive body contact, frequent intermittent running and jumping, demanding one-on-one situations, quick direction changes in combination with challenging technique, and coordination aspects like catching, throwing, passing, and dribbling (Garbenyte-Apolinskiene, Siupsinskas, Salatkaite, Gudas, & Radvila, 2018), and have become a lifestyle for some young people who are more dominant especially high school students and even basketball can be as popular as the sports are already more popular in Indonesia, like badminton.
Basketball games are games carried out in teams and victory in a team is determined by the difference in the number of points. This is as defined by Muhajir in his book, basketball is played by two teams, each consisting of 5 players, each team tries to put the ball into the opponent's basket and prevent opponents from entering the ball or scoring numbers (Yusmawati, 2014). whereas according to (Rustanto, 2017), basketball is a sport in groups consisting of two teams consisting of five players each competing to score points by putting the ball in the opponent's basket (ring).
Basketball is Regular and systematic exercise will improve physical fitness components such as: (1) cardiorespiratory endurance, (2) muscle strength and endurance, (3) flexibility, (4) body composition. Basketball as a program that functions as a basketball athlete development (Paiman, 2013). Being able to play basketball, you must first know and master some basic technical skills in basketball games such as passing, dribbling, and shooting (Nurrochman, et al., 2009: 41) in (Hapsari, Dwikusworo, & Hidayah, 2013). At high school level, the basic techniques of basketball playing have just been introduced to how to dribbling, passing, and shooting. 
Basketball promotes speed, agility, strength, endurance,  power, flexibility, and motor coordination (DiFiori et al., 2018). In basketball games to get effective and efficient movements need to be based on mastering basketball playing skills, namely: 1). throwing and catching techniques, 2). dribbling technique, 3). shooting technique, 4). pivot movement techniques, 5). lay-up shot techniques, and 6). stealing, (Nuryadi, 2016)
Lay-up is one part of the shooting technique that is often done by players in scoring numbers in basketball games. During basketball games, lay-up become one of the most commonly employed method of scoring (Wang, Liu, & Moffit, 2009) in (Chua, Quek, & Kong, 2017). Lay-up is an effort to enter the ball into the ring or basket with two steps and jump to get points, and lay-up is also called gunfire. The way to do a lay-up is difficult to learn because it must be accompanied by a push and a high jump so that the ball is as close as possible to the ring. Meanwhile According to (Nin, Lam, & Kong, 2016) the layup movement is part of a complex movement which consists of a run-up, take-off and landing phaseStudents often feel difficult to control the flexibility of their footsteps and jumping in order to get a good coordination to lay-up. According to (Wiwoho, Junaidi, & Sugiarto, 2014) there are 10 physical conditions, namely: 1) strength, 2) endurance, 3) muscular power, 4) speed, 5) flexibility, 6) agility, 7) coordination, 8) balance, 9) accuracy, 10) reaction.
Physical conditions make a positive contribution to maximum results in several sports. Total physical condition parameters correlate with shot accuracy in basketball (Gravitis, 2018). One element of physical condition is flexibility, several factors that affect body shape are muscle, tendon, ligament, joint type and structure, age, sex, body temperature and muscle temperature, weight, height, and genetics. 
A person's predisposition can be increased by using four methods, namely the method of dynamic stretching, passive and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training (Giyanto, Sutjana, & Boleng, 2013). While each technique appears to be effective for improving flexibility, the PNF tech- niques seem to produce the most dramatic in- creases in range of motion. Stretching should be included for the purpose of preparing the muscles for strenuous physical activity as well as for the prevention of injury (G, Shellack Shellack, & Prentice, 1985)
A common way to increase body’s flexibility is stretching exercises. Stretching programs have generally been shown to increase muscle flexibility, most likely as a result of enhanced stretch tolerance rather than mechanical/physiological changes in the muscle that is being stretched (Chan, Hong, & Robinson, 2001; LaRoche & Connolly, 2006; Law, Harvey, Nicholas, Tonkin, De Sousa, & Finniss, 2009) in (Ayala, Sainz de Baranda, De Ste Croix, & Santonja, 2013). There are several stretches including: static, dynamic, passive, and contraction relaxation.

Figure 1 :   knee joint flexion exercises

Figure 2 :   joint flexibility exercises...

Figure 3:   exercise the waist muscles

Figure 4 : hip joint flexion exercises
 These methods can all improve flexibility and each with muscle weakness and the ability to stretch far enough so that the possibility of joints acting completely in the normal distance and the movements carried out not to cause injury. a static stretch for 30 seconds gives the greatest acute increase in flexibility. Increasing the stretch to 60 seconds does not give greater short- term increase in flexibility (Bender & Education, 2015). There was difference effects between male player extracurricular basketball who has high flexibility with low to increase power and lay up shoot result (Mertayasa, Rahayu, & Soenyoto, 2016).
The importance of body’s flexibility, especially flexibility for children, which is all kinds of body activities, it needs to be nurtured and trained so that in a motion carried out can obtain maximum results. Determination is the range of movements that can be made by certain joints which are limited by the arrangement of joints, it requires an appropriate training program in training flexibility (Susanto, Supriyadi, & Andiana, 2013). 
Dynamic stretching exercise is a stretching exercise by rhythmically moving the body or limb without maintaining the farthest stretch position. Curvature is the ability to move the body and its parts. A good flexibility will provide an increasing protection from injuries which provide a good motoric development for children (Putra & Muliarta, 2016). The advantage of dynamic stretching exercises is to progressively increase joint motion space. in research (Mertayasa et al., 2016) there is a difference in the effect between extracurricular basketball of male players who have high flexibility and low power to improve shoot-up results.
2.	LIterary review
Basketball games have a basic technique of shooting, one of them lay ups. The shot was done in the basketball hoop, after dribbling the ball. To do a high jump in the lay-up movement, speed is needed in the last three or four steps. It is important to keep the head upright while going and during the shot. The ball must be thrown with the wrist and fingers. it should touch the board first, then entering to the ring (Pridani, Insanistyo, & Arwin, 2017).
According to Olifer (2007: 16) in (Nuryadi, 2016), in his book “Basics of Basketball” type of shooting in basketball games are divided into 2 (two) types of shooting techniques, namely: 1). outer shot consisting of jump shoot, free throw, set shoot 2). The deep shot which is also called the lay-up shot and the lay-up technique must be continuously trained so that you get maximum results.
The definition of lay-up in a basketball game is an effort to put the ball into the ring or basket of basketball in two steps and jump in order to gain points. Lay-up is also called a flying shot. Usually the lay-up in basketball games is often done by cutting or pushing (cut or drive). Lay-up shoot is one of the moves that are usually used to score points in a basketball game when performing lightning strikes (Mertayasa et al., 2016).
The lay-up movement in a basketball game must be accompanied by a push and a high jump so that the ball is as close as possible to the ring so that the chances of achieving points are very large. The steps in carrying out lay-up shoots with your right or left hand. According to (Prusak, 2007: 72) Techniques for doing lay-up in basketball games using your right hand: jump with the support of the left leg, lift the knee of the right leg and right hand, then shoot the ball high and slowly to the upper right corner of the board box line, left hand lay-up: Jump with the support of the right foot, lift your left knee and left hand, then shoot the ball up high and slowly to the upper right corner of the reflective board box line.

Figure 5 :  The lay-up movement technique

Human exercise aims to improve physical fitness. Physical fitness need to be trained and maintained by training the physical condition of the human element. Improving flexibility through stretching is an- other important preparatory activity advocated to enhance physical performance (G et al., 1985). One element is the physical condition of flexibility. Several factors affect the body's flexibility is muscle, tendon, ligament, and joint structure type, age, sex, body temperature and muscle temperature, body weight and height and genetics. Flexibility can be enhanced by using one of four methods namely method of dynamic stretching, static, passive and Neuromuccular Proprioceptive Facilitation (Giyanto et al., 2013)
Flexibility is a prerequisite for displaying a skill that requires extensive joint space and makes it easy to make fast movements. Likewise, determination is important for all people of all ages, especially children and adolescents who sit in school. As people get older, their joints, ligaments, and tendons become stiffer, reducing their flexibility. The flexibility is one component of physical condition that has an important role. Determination is a prerequisite needed to display a skill that requires extensive joint space and makes it easy to do fast and agile movements. The flexibility that someone has usually reflects the agility of a person in their movements.
 Even for athletes in sports that are dominant in their element of flexibility, if they are high they will show better performance compared to sportsmen who have a lower level of flexibility (Juditya & Suwandar, 2016). Thus, coaches will generally insist that stretching exercises be included as part of the preparatory pe- riod following a sufficient warm-up prior to en- gaging in strenuous activity. We have already men- tioned why warm-up should be performed before stretching in order to achieve the best results (G et al., 1985)
3.	RESEARCH METHODS
This study use quantitative research and the method in this study was experiment method that was true experimental. The true experiment is real experiment, because this research design can control all of the out variable which can influence the way of experiment (Sugiyono, 2009:75). 
The treatment in this research was giving lay-up exercise and flexibility exercise toward senior high school in Metro city, Indonesia. The population was 120 students, and sample of this study was 30 students. Getting the sample was  making by random sampling without pay attention to strata in that population.
Research design used Pre experimental design with One Group Pretest- Posttest Design. In this design, there is no control group and there is no subject can be placed random, then giving pretest of lay-up for knowing the first result of sample, further more giving treatment (flexibility) and final test (lay-up), so it can be known the real result of consequence of  contradiction treating that was giving (Maksum, 2012: 97).
Instrument aim in this study was measuring the skill level of lay-up shoot with using of scoring of picture value of lay-up in (Sodikun, 1992: 125). Test lay-up were doing 8 time of tryout and the score that get higher  than before will be gotten as first value (pre-test) and final test (post-test). 

Figure 6 : Implementation of the lay-up shot test.   
  	           (Sumber: Imam Sodikun, 1992: 125)
knowing the result of the effect of flexibility exercise toward lay-up result in lay-up technique, so in this research uses simple regresi linear formula: 

	Y= a+Bx
explanation:
	X : flexibility exercise
	Y : lay up technique result 
	a : price constant value Y jika X = 0
	b : Direction value as a determinant which indicates an increase in the value of an increase (+) or decrease (-) variable Y.
After the result was gotten then  data processing with using statistic formula above, Moreover will be continued test -F. If >  means happening effect on flexibility exercise method tow oard lay-up technique. 
4.	RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 1 : Pre-test and post-test shooting results lay-up
Group	Mean	Persentase	
Pre test	13,37	       32,14 %	
Post test	16,6		
 
The result that was getting of this research with using 30 sample who was given flexibility exercise were = 5,010 and wit using dk = 29, then α = 0,05, it was given = 2,756. So it can be gotten > , that means there is effect flexibility exercise toward result of lay-up technique in basketball game. Beside on the result of author calculation was gotten regression similarity Y = 0,975 + 0,676 (X). The result in this study was gotten simple regression similarity on flexibility exercise toward lay-up technic result as Y variable. The regression similarity for predicting the future condition and also to know some increasing, if X changed. So simple linear regression Y above X have significant effect. 
The skill of lay-up is basic technique in basketball game that is important and must doing every student who follow basketball ektrakulikuler. The presentation of shooting that have highest in basketball game is shooting such as lay-up, which was doing by striker who location is in distance 1 meter from basketball ring. The position who is closest with basketball ring, commonly has accuracy of shooting highest then others position (presentation of goal), 55 until 60 percent that was successful from all of shooting effort them. 
Some technique of basic in lay-up  shooting was firstly dribbling or catch of ball throwing from friends then continued to enter the ball into the ring with using some jump steps. Lay up movement is a complex movement when jumping, hovering and landing so that the ankle flexion is very necessary in doing layup movements. Basketball player who have power of leg muscle was high and sported with flexibility of range of motion in hand well, so will be better in shooting of lay-up on basketball game, power of leg and flexibility in hand pivot was factor which gave big effect  toward lay-up result. The more of leg power was resulting that will be influenced toward lay-up result. Use the ankle flexion when going for a jump. Participants who have high flexibility and low flexibility affect the result of leg muscle power. On the orther hand flexibility of pivot hand also can be influenced, because the distance between ring of hand and ring of basketball more closely, then giving easily to player for doing lay-up.
Looking of the data which was counted using Test-F and the result was proved = 5,010 >= 2,576. It means that increasing effect of result lay-up in basketball game was significant or very significant. 
Flexibility exercise is exercise that uses for doing to all of way with big movement amplitude and wide, as function of pivots which was used for movement. Doing flexibility exercise is very crucial to pay attention intensity and weight that was given with controlling the way of exercise such as paying attention to movement technique that was given for exercising. Flexibility movements will produce energy-efficient movements with differences determined by basketball players depending on the results of lay-up shots on basketball extracurricular players (Mertayasa et al., 2016).
5.	CONCLUSION
 In this research can be concluded that the result of flexibility exercise that was giving can be influenced of skill lay-up result basketball game on student of senior high school 1 state metro city, Indonesia. It have been evidence with statistic analysis result that show mean for pre-test was 13,37, besides mean for post-test was 16,6 with  difference -3.23 and can be evidenced with  result = 5,010 >=2,756. So this research have prospect for making reference to teacher and coach for increasing lay-up performance to students with flexibility exercise in ektrakulikuler basketball game at school.
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