The Correlation Between Concentration Of Hemoglobin And Vital Lung Capacity With Students Cardiorespiratory Resistance Who Participated In Basketball Extracurricular Instate Junior High School 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta

Herina Zufrianingrum
Master Program in Sport Sciences
State University of Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Herina_z9@yahoo.com

Prof. Dr. Drs. Yustinus Sukarmin, M.S
Master Program in Sport Sciences
State University of Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Yustinus_sukarmin@uny.ac.id 

Abstract- This research is based on the basketball extracurricular activities in State Junior High School Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta which still has no significant achievement. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between hemoglobin levels and vital capacity of the lung with cardiorespiratory endurance of female students who were join basketball extracurricular in State Junior High School 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta.The subject of this study is 20 female students who participated basketball extracurricular in State Junior High School 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta. This study is a correlational study to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the hemoglobin level and vital lung capacity with cardiorespiratory endurance. The method used in this study is survey data retrieval technique which was using test and measurement instruments blood hemoglobin levels, lung vital capacity and multi stage fitness. The data were analyzed using product moment correlation test and multiple correlations with a significance level of 0.05 in SPSS 17.0 for Windows. The result of the study shows that there is a correlation between hemoglobin levels and vital lung capacity with cardiorespiratory endurance of basketball extracurriculars participants in State Junior High School Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta. This demonstrated the amount of value are rx1y=0,576, rx2y= 0,609, Rx1x2y= 0,779 and significance each variables is p< 0,05. 
Keywords: Hemoglobin, Vital Lung Capacity, Cardiorespiratory Endurance.

I	INTRODUCTION
A person can be seen his physical condition through the level of physical fitness. Components of physical fitness include speed, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, muscle strength, muscle explosive power and flexibility (DPN, 2000). Someone who has high cardiorespiratory endurance so that they can carry out activities effectively without experiencing significant fatigue. Cardiorespiration is a combination of the two systems of the heart system and the respiratory system.
There are a number of sports physical education materials in schools including athletics, big ball games, small ball games, health etc. Big ball games have sub material, including soccer, volleyball and basketball. The basketball game is divided into 4 quarters x 10 minutes of net time in 1 game. Basketball games that involve the whole body will consume enough energy so that it cannot avoid fatigue. Based on observations of fatigue during basketball extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, which have not shown improved performance and when practicing, many students are easily tired of being seen breathing heavily and quickly changing players. Frequency of rapid and easily exhausted breathing are characteristics of low vital lung capacity and low hemoglobin. 
The ability of vital capacity to store oxygen and the ability of hemoglobin to supply oxygen for muscle work for a long period of time, especially when exercising.
In the research of Taufik Arif Setyawan (2010) there was a significant influence between hemoglobin levels and cardiorespiratory endurance while Tri Setyanto Kurniawan's study (2007) showed the contribution of vital lung capacity to one's physical fitness. One component of physical fitness is one of cardiorespiration endurance.
Someone who has a good level of physical fitness will be able to carry out daily tasks effectively in a relatively longer time without experiencing fatigue. One of the factors in fatigue is the ability of blood muscles to supply, this is important because blood supplies oxygen. As for the transport of oxygen in the blood aided by hemoglobin. The more hemoglobin in the blood, the more oxygen is transported for tissue needs.
On this basis, the researchers wanted to conduct a study of the relationship between hemoglobin levels and vital lung capacity with cardiorespiratory endurance students who participated in basketball extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta.
II	METHOD
1.1	Types of Research
This research is a correlational study to find out the relationship between independent variables with the dependent variable. The method used is survey with product moment correlation analysis techniques and multiple correlation by SPSS 17.0 for windows.

1.2	Time and Place of Research
The research data was collected on November 9, 2015. The number of field officers involved in data collection were 2 teachers, 2 students,1 trainer, and 1 medical staff.
1.3	Population and Research Samples
The population in this study were students who took extracurricular basketball in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. The research sample was female students who participated in basketball extracurricular activities in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, totaling 18 students. The sampling technique is total sampling (Sugiyono, 2006).

1.4	Data Collection Techniques and Instruments
Data collection in this study uses a survey method with data collection techniques, namely tests and measurements. Instruments or measuring instruments used are: (1) Hemoglobin level is the amount of hemoglobin in the blood of students who take extracurricular basketball in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. Measurement of hemoglobin levels using Diaspect Hemoglobin T in g / dl units. (2) Lung vital capacity in this study is owned by students who take extracurricular basketball in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. Measurement of vital lung capacity is measured using a Spirometer with units of L / BTPS. (3) Cardiorespiration endurance is the ability of students who take basketball extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta to conduct a Multi Stage Fitness Test.

1.5	Data analysis technique
1.5.1 Normality test
The normality test aims to ensure that the data obtained from the study are normally distributed. The calculation of this study uses Kolmogorof-Smirnov data analysis techniques and uses SPSS 17.0 for Windows tools. 
1.5.2 Linearity Test
Linearity test is used to determine the nature of the linear relationship between dependent variables and independent variables (F-test). Linearity analysis using ANOVA in SPSS 17.0 for windows.
1.5.3 Hypothesis testing
Correlation analysis in this study is used to find whether there is a relationship between two or more variables. Hypothesis testing is done by using product moment analysis and multiple correlation (R-Test). The percentage effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is shown by the magnitude of the determinant coefficient (R2) (Algifari, 1997: 61).

III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1.1	Hemoglobin levels
The results obtained in the calculation of the hemoglobin level data for basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta are in the excellent category. Based on the WHO table (2002), it can be seen that most of the hemoglobin levels in basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta are in the excellent category with a percentage of 90% (16 female students) and a good category with a percentage of 10% (2 female students). When displayed in graphical form, the hemoglobin level data can be seen in the picture as follows:  

Figure 1: Histogram of Hemoglobin Levels
1.2	Lung Vital Capacity
The results obtained in the calculation of vital lung capacital data for basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta are in the poor category. Based on lung vital capacity data according to Puskesjasrek in Sugianto and Nanang Indardi (2007) that the lung vital capacity of basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta is in the excellent category with a percentage of 0% (0 female students), a good category with a percentage of 5% (1 female student), medium category with a percentage of 30% (5 female students), less category with a percentage of 55% (10 female student) and very poor category with a percentage of 10% (female female student). When displayed in graphical form, the lung vital capacity data in the figure is as follows:

Figure 2. Histogram of Lung Vital Capacity
1.3	Cardiorespiration Endurance
The results obtained in the cardiorespiration endurance data calculation for basketball extracurricular members in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta are in the poor category. Based on the cardiorespiratory endurance data distribution table according to Brian Mackenzie (2001), it appears that most of the cardiorespiratory endurance of basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta is in the special category of 0% (0 female students), very good category with a percentage of 0% (0 female students ), good category with a percentage of 0% (0 female students), a medium category with a percentage of 0% (0 female students), a poor category with a percentage of 60% (10 female students) and a very low category with a percentage of 40% (8 female students) . When displayed in graphical form, the cardiorespiration endurance data in the figure is as follows:
Figure 3: Histogram Cardiorespiratory endurance
1.4	Hypothesis Test and Discussion
The results of the product moment correlation analysis with the help of SPSS with the Pearson correlation test between X1 and Y amounted to 0.576, X2 with Y amounted to 0.609 and the multiple correlation (R) amounted to 0.779. Determinant value (R2) of 0.635 which indicates the percentage of independent variable dependent variable affected by 51%.
According to Giri Wiarto (2013: 31) hemoglobin has the property of combining oxygen, with oxygen forming oxyhemoglobin in red blood cells. Hemoglobin which binds oxygen from the lungs to be circulated throughout the body.
According to Ganong William (1999: 627-646) suggested that the transport of oxygen to the tissue depends on the amount of oxygen entering the lungs, blood flow and blood transport capacity. The amount of oxygen in the blood is determined by the amount of dissolved oxygen, the level of hemoglobin in the blood and the binding process of hemoglobin to oxygen. Zullies Ikawati (2014: 1) suggested that O2 will be bound by hemoglobin in the blood and transported to body cells through a network of blood vessels, while CO2 will be released.
The ability of the lungs to hold oxygen is called the vital lung capacity. Saryono in Giri Wiarto (2013: 11) states that people who have a large vital capacity will be more fortunate because the frequency of breathing is not too fast, ventilation (the process of air exchange) tends to quickly meet the needs of oxygen. The role of the lungs is to exchange oxygen with carbon dioxide through the respiratory process. The purpose of breathing is to provide oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide. The vital lung capacity level is thought to have a contribution and a close relationship with the body. Having a good lung vital capacity causes students to run sports optimally. The higher lung vital capacity a person has, the more oxygen that can be used for the cardiorespiratory system and the better for cardiorespiratory endurance.
Lungs and heart endurance has an important role in everyday life. The lungs and heart play a role in supplying oxygen for muscle work for a long period of time, meaning that the better the endurance of the heart's lungs the better the physical fitness of a person.
Based on the results of the correlation prove that together there is a significant relationship between hemoglobin and lung vital capacity with cardiorespiratory endurance of 51% with a sign value of 0.006. The more hemoglobin in the body and the greater the vital capacity of a person it will be very helpful in the large volume of oxygen transport in the body.
IV Conclusions And Recommendations
1.1	Conclusion
Based on the results of data analysis, data description, testing of research results, and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. There is a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and cardiorespiratory endurance of basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta.
2. There is a significant relationship between lung vital capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance of basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta.
3. There is a significant relationship between hemoglobin levels and vital lung capacity with cardiorespiratory endurance for basketball extracurricular participants in SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan, Yogyakarta. This is indicated by the results of p <0.05.
1.2	 Suggestion
Based on the research conclusions above, there are a number of suggestions that can be delivered, namely:
1.  For trainers and students should pay attention to the factors that affect the condition of the student's body before conducting a trial.
2.  The ability of vital lung capacity and cardiorespiratory endurance of students who take extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 4 Banguntapan Yogyakarta is still lacking, one factor is the lack of training, therefore further research can take into account the factor of sample training.
3.  In this thesis there are still many shortcomings, for that the next researcher should develop and perfect this research by adding variables and research subjects.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
The authors would like to thank Yogyakarta State University for support.

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